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It is widely agreed that any satisfactory theory of concepts must account for how concepts semantically compose (the compositionality requirement) and explain how their intentional content is determined (the content determination requirement).
By 'compositionality' we mean that the meaning of the whole is a systematic function of the meaning of its parts. Together, (2) and (3) is what many people would understand by the notion of compositionality.
Perspectives, compositionality and complex concepts braisby, nick.
Compositionality in rational analysis:grammar-based induction for concept learning 3 rules, together with compatible prior probability and likeli-hood functions, the latter relating rules to observed objects through their features. We will assume for simplicity that we are in a fully ob-served world w consisting of a set of objects e and the fea-.
The principle of compositionality is the claim that the meaning of a complex expression is determined by its structure and the meanings of its constituents. Normally the thesis is taken to be about some particular language; questions of structure and constituency are then settled by the syntax of that language.
Compositionality and modularity for robot learning by coline devin doctor of philosophy in computer science university of california, berkeley professor trevor darrell, co-chair assistant professor sergey levine, co-chair humans are remarkably pro cient at decomposing and recombining concepts they have learned [16, 102].
The first book length overview of a central topic in psychology, linguistics, and philosophy. Offers a unique integrative overview of experimental work in various areas of semantics and psychology. A state-of-the-art overview of this interdisciplinary field by leading authors and young scholars.
Edited by: markus werning, edouard machery, and gerhard schurz.
Since concepts cannot compose in this global sense unless they compose with respect to their semantic properties, generic compositionality entails.
Thus, compositionality provides a straightforward explanation of productivity, since an unbounded set of concepts can then be i’ll use small caps to denote concepts. 123 concept empiricism, content, and compositionality 569 generated from a finite stock via the performance of recursively combinatorial operations on simple concepts.
27 sep 2017 an introductory chapter lays out the background on concept composition, a problem that is stimulating much new research in cognitive science.
Critical typicality: truth judgements and compositionality with plurals and other gradable concepts yoad winter abstract compositional semantic frameworks often compute the extension of a complex ex-pression directly from the extensions of its parts. However, much work in cognitive psychology has shown important challenges for compositional.
Concepts and compositionality: in search of the brain's language of thought. Author information: (1)princeton neuroscience institute, princeton university, princeton, new jersey 08544, usa; email: steven.
Arguably, concepts are most ubiquitous and important in compositions, relative to when they occur in isolation. Furthermore, entering into compositions may play central roles in producing the changes in content, form, and pragmatic relevance observed for individual concepts.
An introductory chapter lays out the background on concept composition, a problem that is stimulating much new research in cognitive science. Researchers in this interdisciplinary domain aim to explain how meanings of complex expressions are derived from simple lexical concepts and to show how these meanings connect to concept representations.
In ‘typicality and compositionality: the logic of combining vague concepts’, hampton and jönsson endorse the prototype theory of concepts, and they review a range of important findings suggesting that prototypes compose. It appears that people’s judgements about whether an object belongs to the interpart of two classes a and b does not depend on whether it is judged to belong to these two classes; rather, it is a function of its similarity to a prototype resulting from the combination.
Thoughts are mental representations analogous to closed sentences, while concepts (their constituents) are mental representation analogous to the corresponding open ones. Thought is a lot like language, and concepts are a lot like mental lexical entries (if primitive), or mental phrasal constituents (if composed).
Just as thoughts are composed of concepts, many concepts are themselves complex entities that are composed of other concepts or more basic representational components. In this section, we look at different proposals about the structure of what are often called lexical concepts.
This paper is an investigation into these differing antecedent ideas in the realm of meaning and compositionality as they play out in linguistics, cognitive.
I argue that compositionality (in the sense of homomorphic interpretation) is compatible with radical and pervasive contextual effects on interpretation. Apparent problems with this claim lose their force if we are careful in distinguishing the question of how a grammar assigns interpretations from the question of how people figure out which interpretations the grammar assigns.
Machery, edouard (2001) compositionality, composition of concepts, combination of prototypes. In: annual meeting of the european society for philosophy and psychology, 08 july 2001 - 11 july 2001, fribourg, switzerland.
In the first part of this paper i will give an overview of the theory of indexical concepts. 1 in the second part i will discuss an argument due to jerry fodor, to the effect that any epistemic approach to concept individuation (including the the theory of indexical concepts) is doomed to failure.
Compositionality and concepts in linguistics and psychology by unknown from flipkart.
Keywords: concept representation, formal ontologies, prototypical effects, compositionality.
The principle of compositionality states that the meanings of higher order expressions such as sentences are determined from a combination of the mean- ings of their constituent parts (costello and keane,2000;mitchell and lapata,.
Which a sentential concept is constructed are the concepts expressed by the words in the sentence, that is, lexical concepts” (jackendoff 1990:9). Compositionality implies that words are the key conveyers of meaning, and there is much to be said in favor of this idea. Hypochondria, football, exam, bodice, lemonade, anaconda, wedding, and death.
The use of concepts underlies the most basic cognitive processes. Consequently, psychologists have long been interested in understanding the behavioral and neural correlates of conceptual knowledge and its manipulation. This has led to a rich set of research results that have expanded our understanding of concepts.
Compositionality and concepts in linguistics and psychology by highlighting relations between experimental and theoretical work, this volume explores new ways of addressing one of the central challenges in the study of language and cognition.
Indexical concepts and compositionality francois recanati institut jean-nicod (cnrs) 1 bis, avenue de lowendal, 75007 paris, france recanati@ehess. Fr indexical expressions are characterized by their two-dimensional semantics. An intension in the traditional sense something that determines the extension.
Concepts and compositionality: in search of the brain's language of thought annu rev psychol.
And concepts can be combined together without compromis-ing the system’s access (in the limit) to the representation and meaning of the original constituent parts. Instantiating a neural system such that it can support compositionality requires solving the problem of binding elements together.
15 oct 2019 central to these are the processes involved in semantic composition, whereby the meanings of words are combined into more complex.
This is the principle of compositionality, a fundamental presupposition of most contemporary work in semantics. Proponents of compositionality typically emphasize the productivity and systematicity of our linguistic understanding.
Long as recursion is supported), compositionality represents the capacity to combine a finite set of objects into an infinite set of combinations [20,21]. Two key properties of a compositional system are that the meaning of a compositional structure is a function of the constituent elements and their arrangement, and, simul-.
14 nov 2019 as a case study, we sketch how to translate from compositional narrative concepts to neural circuits and back again.
(p2) according to statistical theories of concepts, the content of a concept.
13 may 2019 concepts in composition is designed to foster reflection on how theory impacts practice, allowing prospective teachers to assume the dual role.
Scan: learning abstract hierarchical compositional visual concepts. Irina higgins, nicolas sonnerat, loic matthey, arka pal, christopher p burgess, matthew.
One of his central concerns is the compositionality of concepts and meaning, another the conceptual nature of the human mind.
15 feb 2014 in which representations are built from language-like composition of concepts and the content of those representations is a probability.
The paper aims at emphasizing that, even relaxed, the hypothesis of compositionality has to face many problems when used for interpreting natural language texts. Rather than fixing these problems within the compositional framework, we believe that a more radical change is necessary, and propose another approach.
A symbolic system is compositional if the meaning of every complex expression e in that system depends on, and depends only on, (i) e’s syntactic structure and (ii) the meanings of e’s simple parts.
Our discussion has led us to one of the key concepts of contemporary semantic theory: compositionality.
Keywords: compositionality, meaning, holism, semantics, frege, context concepts of semantic compositionality and semantic contextuality as they appeared.
Variety of kinds of concepts and concept combinations, including concepts with and without prototypes, complex concepts which do have prototypes even though their component concepts lack them and vice versa, concepts whose prototypes do determine extension and ones which do not, and other related issues.
Compositionality and contextuality are key building blocks of intelligence. They allow us to compose known concepts to generate new and complex ones. However, tra-ditional learning methods do not model both these proper-ties and require copious amounts of labeled data to learn new concepts.
Compositionality and complex concepts the literature on complex concepts has not led to a clear conclusion concerning their compositionality. In a number of ways, the literature raises arguments and objections to the possibility that concepts are compositional.
The principle of semantic compositionality (pc) says, in a standard formulation: the meaning of a complex expression is a function of the meanings of its parts.
22 apr 2015 compositionality and concepts—a perspective from formal. Semantics and general procedure of concept composition in formal semantics.
Compositionality and concepts in linguistics and psychology; louise mcnally. One of the defining traits of language is its capacity to mediate between concepts in our mind, which.
Osherson and smith (1981, cognition, 11, 237–262) discuss a number of problems which arise for a prototype-based account of the meanings of simple and complex concepts. Assuming that concept combination in such a theory is to be analyzed in terms of fuzzy logic, they show that some complex concepts inevitably get assigned the wrong meanings.
The fact that complex meanings are determined by the meanings of their constituents is often referred to as the compositionality of natural languages. A semantic theory that is capable of explaining compositionality is called compositional. In addition to compositionality, semantic theories must also account for the phenomenon of reference. Reference is a characteristic of many expressions whereby they seem to “reach out” into the world to pick out, name, designate, apply to, or denote.
Abstract natural language allows us to refer to novel composite concepts by combining expressions denoting their parts according to systematic rules, a property known as compositionality.
Compositionality abstract what is the constitution of meaning of morphemes (lexical concepts)? most theories conjecture that they are constituted by molecular or holistic intemal structure: prototypes, exemplars, semantic networks, complex schemata, scripts or even classical definitions.
Compositionality and concepts 103 typicality is a measure that has had wide use in psychology, but its relation to semantics is often rather obscure, and subject to misunderstanding.
Indexical concepts and compositionality francois recanati institut jean-nicod (cnrs) 1 bis, avenue de lowendal, 75007 paris, france recanati@ehess. Fr international conference on 'concepts' bologna, december 17-19, 2001 an indexical expression is conventionally associated with a rule which, in context,.
Compositionality is first formalised by factorising the joint probability distribution modeling the combination, where the terms in the factorisation correspond to individual concepts. This leads to the necessary and sufficient condition for the joint probability distribution to exist.
Property of a particular language is compositional, if the correct semantics for it is compositional in the first sense.
Modal concepts and compositionality: new directions in exper- imental semantics.
Natural language allows us to refer to novel composite concepts by combining expressions denoting their parts according to systematic rules, a property known as compositionality. In this paper, we study whether the language emerging in deep multi-agent simulations possesses a similar ability to refer to novel primitive combinations, and whether it accomplishes this feat by strategies akin to human-language compositionality.
Compositionality after all: the content of a complex concept (or term) or a thought (or sentence) is a function of the contents of its constituent concepts, their structural arrangement, and the relevant features of the experiential context in which it occurs. On such a view meaning and cognitive content are in part contextually determined.
The compositionality of concepts and peirce’s pragmatic logic pietarinen, ahti-veikko.
Natural language allows us to refer to novel composite concepts by combining expressions denoting their parts according to systematic rules, a property known as \emph compositionality. In this paper, we study whether the language emerging in deep multi-agent simulations possesses a similar ability to refer to novel primitive combinations, and whether it accomplishes this feat by strategies akin to human-language compositionality.
However, compositionality also requires such representational reuse one level down: it requires not only that the same concept-role bindings be reused, but, of course, that the same concepts occupy different roles, such that dog as agent bears some relation to dog as patient. We expect that these role-invariant representations are encoded.
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